Thermal insulation refers to any material that minimizes heat transfer between objects in thermal contact or in a given space. In buildings, thermal insulation plays a key role in maintaining a comfortable indoor temperature year-round while reducing energy costs for heating and cooling. By slowing or preventing the transfer of heat, insulation allows buildings to use energy efficiently without requiring excessive conditioning to maintain thermal comfort for occupants.
Types of Insulation Materials
A wide variety of materials can be used for Building Thermal Insulation in buildings, with the choice depending on the specific application and desired properties. Common insulation materials include:
- Fiberglass: Made from melted and spun glass, fiberglass is inexpensive and effective as both wall and attic insulation. It has a high R-value per inch but can irritate skin upon contact.
- Mineral wool: Produced from molten rock or slag, mineral wool competes well with fiberglass and also resists fire. It tends to be denser and may sag over time if not supported correctly.
- Cellulose: Composed of recycled paper fibers, cellulose is a popular green building material that can be dense-packed for high insulation. It requires sealing to maximize moisture resistance within walls.
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