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Achieving the ISC CISSP Certification demonstrates a high level of expertise and commitment to the information security profession. It can enhance career opportunities and earning potential, as well as provide a competitive advantage in the job market. Additionally, it is a requirement for many senior-level information security roles in government, military, and private organizations. Overall, the ISC CISSP Certification Exam is a challenging but rewarding undertaking for information security professionals looking to validate their skills and advance their careers.
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ISC CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) Exam is a globally recognized certification exam for professionals working in the field of information security. CISSP exam is designed to test the knowledge and skills required to effectively design, implement, and manage information security programs. Certified Information Systems Security Professional certification is highly regarded in the industry and demonstrates a professional's commitment to information security and their ability to protect their organization's sensitive data.
ISC CISSP Certification Benefits ISC recognizes the importance of professional development for current CISSPs. The ISC CISSP CBK Review Program was introduced to provide CISSPs with the opportunity to earn continuing professional education (CPE) credits or retain their certification status. ISC also offers the CPE library, which contains informative, educational content on various information security topics. Certified CISSPs receive additional opportunities to network with peers, get involved with industry events, learn new skills, and continue to acquire knowledge in the field of information security.
ISC's CISSP certification holds many advantages for those who obtain it. First, it is beneficial for companies because they are able to hire more secure employees. Secondly, obtaining the certification will make you eligible to receive incentives offered by Microsoft, Google, and other IT firms. Thirdly, individuals who obtain the certification are able to work in more advanced positions. Fourth, the credential is accepted worldwide and your compensation level will increase as a result of this recognition. Finally, ISC offers continuing professional education credits that give you an opportunity to earn credits or maintain your credentials with the program also offering informative CPE library content on various information security topics which can be accessed by certified professionals.
CISSP stands for Certified Information Systems Security Professional. It is a certification that shows that an individual possesses comprehensive, technical knowledge of the information security field. The CISSP preparation material preparation is available in numerous varieties online. You can use this CISSP exam material like CISSP Dumps, to pass your CISSP examination with great ease. The main purpose of the CISSP certification is to confirm professional competence in information security management and to enhance it continuously by learning new skills and techniques of cybersecurity.
NEW QUESTION # 280
In an online transaction processing system (OLTP), which of the following actions should be taken when erroneous or invalid transactions are detected?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In an online transaction processing system (OLTP) all transactions are recorded as they occur. When erroneous or invalid transactions are detected the transaction can be recovered by reviewing the logs.
As explained in the ISC2 OIG: OLTP is designed to record all of the business transactions of an organization as they occur. It is a data processing system facilitating and managing transaction-oriented applications. These are characterized as a system used by many concurrent users who are actively adding and modifying data to effectively change real-time data.
OLTP environments are frequently found in the finance, telecommunications, insurance, retail, transportation, and travel industries. For example, airline ticket agents enter data in the database in real-time by creating and modifying travel reservations, and these are increasingly joined by users directly making their own reservations and purchasing tickets through airline company Web sites as well as discount travel Web site portals. Therefore, millions of people may be accessing the same flight database every day, and dozens of people may be looking at a specific flight at the same time.
The security concerns for OLTP systems are concurrency and atomicity.
Concurrency controls ensure that two users cannot simultaneously change the same data, or that one user cannot make changes before another user is finished with it. In an airline ticket system, it is critical for an agent processing a reservation to complete the transaction, especially if it is the last seat available on the plane.
Atomicity ensures that all of the steps involved in the transaction complete successfully. If one step should fail, then the other steps should not be able to complete. Again, in an airline ticketing system, if the agent does not enter a name into the name data field correctly, the transaction
should not be able to complete.
OLTP systems should act as a monitoring system and detect when individual processes abort,
automatically restart an aborted process, back out of a transaction if necessary, allow distribution
of multiple copies of application servers across machines, and perform dynamic load balancing.
A security feature uses transaction logs to record information on a transaction before it is
processed, and then mark it as processed after it is done. If the system fails during the transaction,
the transaction can be recovered by reviewing the transaction logs.
Checkpoint restart is the process of using the transaction logs to restart the machine by running
through the log to the last checkpoint or good transaction. All transactions following the last
checkpoint are applied before allowing users to access the data again.
Wikipedia has nice coverage on what is OLTP:
Online transaction processing, or OLTP, refers to a class of systems that facilitate and manage
transaction-oriented applications, typically for data entry and retrieval transaction processing. The
term is somewhat ambiguous; some understand a "transaction" in the context of computer or
database transactions, while others (such as the Transaction Processing Performance Council)
define it in terms of business or commercial transactions.
OLTP has also been used to refer to processing in which the system responds immediately to user
requests. An automatic teller machine (ATM) for a bank is an example of a commercial transaction
processing application.
The technology is used in a number of industries, including banking, airlines, mailorder,
supermarkets, and manufacturing. Applications include electronic banking, order processing,
employee time clock systems, e-commerce, and eTrading.
There are two security concerns for OLTP system: Concurrency and Atomicity
ATOMICITY
In database systems, atomicity (or atomicness) is one of the ACID transaction properties. In an
atomic transaction, a series of database operations either all occur, or nothing occurs. A
guarantee of atomicity prevents updates to the database occurring only partially, which can cause
greater problems than rejecting the whole series outright.
The etymology of the phrase originates in the Classical Greek concept of a fundamental and
indivisible component; see atom.
An example of atomicity is ordering an airline ticket where two actions are required: payment, and
a seat reservation. The potential passenger must either:
both pay for and reserve a seat; OR
neither pay for nor reserve a seat.
The booking system does not consider it acceptable for a customer to pay for a ticket without securing the seat, nor to reserve the seat without payment succeeding.
CONCURRENCY Database concurrency controls ensure that transactions occur in an ordered fashion. The main job of these controls is to protect transactions issued by different users/applications from the effects of each other. They must preserve the four characteristics of database transactions ACID test: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID for more details on the ACID test. Thus concurrency control is an essential element for correctness in any system where two database transactions or more, executed with time overlap, can access the same data, e.g., virtually in any general-purpose database system. A well established concurrency control theory exists for database systems: serializability theory, which allows to effectively design and analyze concurrency control methods and mechanisms. Concurrency is not an issue in itself, it is the lack of proper concurrency controls that makes it a serious issue.
The following answers are incorrect:
The transactions should be dropped from processing. Is incorrect because the transactions are processed and when erroneous or invalid transactions are detected the transaction can be recovered by reviewing the logs. The transactions should be processed after the program makes adjustments. Is incorrect because the transactions are processed and when erroneous or invalid transactions are detected the transaction can be recovered by reviewing the logs. The transactions should be corrected and reprocessed. Is incorrect because the transactions are processed and when erroneous or invalid transactions are detected the transaction can be recovered by reviewing the logs.
References: Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 12749-12768). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition. and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_transaction_processing and http://databases.about.com/od/administration/g/concurrency.htm
NEW QUESTION # 281
Which one of the following is the MOST important in designing a biometric access system if it is essential that no one other than authorized individuals are admitted?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 282
Which of the following BEST explains why computerized information systems frequently fail to meet the needs of users?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Inadequate user participation in defining the system's requirements. Most projects
fail to meet the needs of the users because there was inadequate input in the initial steps of the
project from the user community and what their needs really are.
The other answers, while potentially valid, are incorrect because they do not represent the most
common problem assosciated with information systems failing to meet the needs of users.
References: All in One pg 834
Only users can define what their needs are and, therefore, what the system should accomplish.
Lack of adequate user involvement, especially in the systems requirements phase, will usually
result in a system that doesn't fully or adequately address the needs of the user.
Source: Information Systems Audit and Control Association, Certified Information Systems Auditor
2002 review manual, chapter 6: Business Application System Development, Acquisition,
Implementation and Maintenance (page 296).
NEW QUESTION # 283
Which of the following methods protects Personally Identifiable Information (PII) by use of a full replacement of the data element?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 284
Which of the following cloud computing service model provides a way to rent operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones.
For your exam you should know below information about Cloud Computing:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
Cloud Computing Image Reference http://osarena.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/cloud-computing3.jpg
Cloud computing service models: Cloud computing service models Image Reference http://www.esri.com/news/arcwatch/0110/graphics/feature2.jpg
Software as a Service (SaaS) Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet.SaaS is closely related to the ASP (application service provider) and on demand computing software delivery models. IDC identifies two slightly different delivery models for SaaS. The hosted application management (hosted AM) model is similar to ASP: a provider hosts commercially available software for customers and delivers it over the Web. In the software on demand model, the provider gives customers network-based access to a single copy of an application created specifically for SaaS distribution. Provider gives users access to specific application software (CRM, e-mail, games). The provider gives the customers network based access to a single copy of an application created specifically for SaaS distribution and use.
Benefits of the SaaS model include: easier administration automatic updates and patch management compatibility: All users will have the same version of software. easier collaboration, for the same reason global accessibility.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones.
Cloud providers deliver a computing platform,which can include an operating system, database, and web server as a holistic execution environment. Where IaaS is the "raw IT network," PaaS is the software environment that runs on top of the IT network.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is an outgrowth of Software as a Service (SaaS), a software distribution model in which hosted software applications are made available to customers over the Internet. PaaS has several advantages for developers. With PaaS, operating system features can be changed and upgraded frequently. Geographically distributed development teams can work together on software development projects. Services can be obtained from diverse sources that cross international boundaries. Initial and ongoing costs can be reduced by the use of infrastructure services from a single vendor rather than maintaining multiple hardware facilities that often perform duplicate functions or suffer from incompatibility problems. Overall expenses can also be minimized by unification of programming development efforts. On the downside, PaaS involves some risk of "lock-in" if offerings require proprietary service interfaces or development languages. Another potential pitfall is that the flexibility of offerings may not meet the needs of some users whose requirements rapidly evolve.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Cloud providers offer the infrastructure environment of a traditional data center in an on-demand delivery method. Companies deploy their own operating systems, applications, and software onto this provided infrastructure and are responsible for maintaining them.
Infrastructure as a Service is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis.
Characteristics and components of IaaS include:
Utility computing service and billing model. Automation of administrative tasks.
Dynamic scaling. Desktop virtualization. Policy-based services. Internet connectivity.
Infrastructure as a Service is sometimes referred to as Hardware as a Service (HaaS).
The following answers are incorrect:
Data as a service - Data Provided as a service rather than needing to be loaded and prepared on premises.
Software as a service - Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available to customers over a network, typically the Internet. SaaS is closely related to the ASP (application service provider) and on demand computing software delivery models.
Infrastructure as a service - Infrastructure as a Service is a provision model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support operations, including storage, hardware, servers and networking components. The service provider owns the equipment and is responsible for housing, running and maintaining it. The client typically pays on a per-use basis.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 102 Official ISC2 guide to CISSP 3rd edition Page number 689 http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Software-as-a-Service http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Platform-as-a-Service-PaaS http://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/Infrastructure-as-a-Service-IaaS
NEW QUESTION # 285
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