Quem nunca precisou fazer aquele menu básico para seu site, blog, página ou coisa do gênero não é mesmo? Estarei ensinando a fazer um menu em lista apenas com css, sem imagens (!)
Para começarmos iremos definir uma lista (ul) com os itens (li , a) normalmente:
<ul class="menu">
<li><ahref="#"title="Macarrão">Macarrão</a></li>
<li><ahref="#"title="Molho">Molho</a></li>
<li><ahref="#"title="Almôndegas">Almôndegas</a></li>
<li><ahref="#"title="Tomate">Tomate</a></li>
</ul>
Agora faremos com que seja um menu horizontal:
.menu{width:960px;margin:0auto;list-style:none;}.menu li{float:left;position:relative;}
float:left;
Usando ‘float;’ para alinhar as ‘li’ à esquerda.
Que tal um pouco de cor agora?
.menu lia{font:normal40014px/25pxArial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;display:block;background:#0DACFF;padding:10px25px10px25px;}
font:normal 400 14px/25px Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif;
Declaramos a família da fonte,estilo, tamanho, altura da linha e espessura, porém de modo mais ‘econômico’ vamos dizer. Em ordem declaramos:
color:#fff;
Aqui damos a cor ao texto, seja ele em hexadecimal (#000000), rgb ( rgb(255,255,255) ), hsl (hsl(120,100%, 50%) ) etc.
text-decoration:none;
Com isso tiramos a ‘decoração’ do texto, o qual pode ser: none, underline, overline,line-through, blink e inherit. Por padrão links usam ‘underline’.
display:block;
Usando ‘display’ em um elemento eu posso mudar o modo que ele é exibido: block para um bloco, inline para ser linha, none para ‘sumir’ com ele e inline-block para uma linha em bloco (não muito utilizado).
background:#0DACFF;
Damos uma cor de fundo para nosso elemento, da mesma forma que damos a cor ao texto (hexadecimal, rgb, hsl etc).
padding:10px 25px 10px 25px; ou padding:10px 25px;
Usei o ‘padding’ para um pouco de espaço. Quanto aos 4 valores no ‘padding’, é um modo de poupar linhas, sendo cada valor uma posição [topo, esquerda, baixo, direita] respectivamente (um modo mais fácil de lembrar é que as posições são em sentido horário).
Agora que demos uma cara mais bonita ao menu, vamos adicionar alguns efeitos:
.menu lia:hover{background:#005CE8;}.menu lia:focus{background:#18D7E8;color:#005CE8;}.menu lia:active{background:#0023FF;}
O que utilizei aqui foram as pseudo-classes do CSS:
No nosso exemplo experimente clicar e segurar o link para ver o efeito ‘active’, passar o mouse sobre link para ver o efeito ‘hover’ e usar a tecla ‘tab’ para ver o efeito do ‘focus’.
Ficará assim [clique aqui]
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